In Japan, scarecrows are called “kakashi” and have been used in rice fields for centuries.

The Scarecrow in “The Wonderful Wizard of Oz” (1900), written by L. Frank Baum, is one of the most famous scarecrows in fiction.

Scarecrows are often made from old clothes stuffed with straw.

Straw is the dry stalks left over from grain crops like wheat after the harvest.

Birds can get used to a scarecrow that never moves, so farmers often change its position or clothes.

Pumpkins are about 90% water, and botanically they are a fruit.

Pumpkins are native to North America and grow on long vines.

Jack-o’-lanterns come from an Irish tradition of carving turnips. Pumpkins became the choice in America because they were easier to carve.

The Moon is about 384,000 km (238,000 miles) from Earth on average.